Portable Pravetz-8VC, ICL CLAN 3 Unix Server & Terminal at a Bulgarian Computer Museum

Rare "portable" Pravetz-8VC computer in action(an Apple IIc clone), playing Karateka. ICL CLAN 3 Unix Server - circuit boards exploration and attempts to run it, data tapes. Running a Unix terminal.

Filmed at Compu Plovdiv, video produced by Todor.

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Z***** 0.0001's Point of View to the Match

Z***** 0.0001, watching Djokovic vs Federer match at Australlian Open 2020 on Eurosport.
Art from my AGI Prototype, in this application it's in the form of computer vision.

Current name is still tentative since it's in "stealth", the old name of the system was "SuperCogAlg" - it was just a cheesy first pick due to "Super Contra" and "CogAlg" etc.

The latter name is also funny sounding abbreviation, again coined by me for BK's lengthy "Cognitive Algorithm" somewhere in 2015? during its pre-code era.

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CogAlg News - January 2020

Several new developers are trying to join lately, but the code progress seems cosmetic. The project has finally accepted my mid 2019 notice that the low level Frame_blobs of CogAlg in fact is a form of breadh-first-search traversal vertical flood-filll. It seems I've been cited, but without being referenced:
https://github.com/boris-kz/CogAlg/commit/33db6b0cf171591e0da52f6a267908ccd58bc263#diff-9b63966e9c5ddf883920a1c522318f75

I challenge the final claims in Readme:

https://github.com/boris-kz/CogAlg/commit/b0a88d9c54156983bc43cf2c7e2504427751c534

B.K.: "...In 2D image processing, basic comparison is done by edge detectors, which form gradient and its angle. They are used as first layer in the proposed model, same as in CNN. It then segments image into blobs (2D patterns) by the sign of gradient deviation, which is also pretty conventional. But these blobs are parameterized with summed pixel-level intensity, derivatives (initially gradient and angle) and dimensions. I don’t know of any model that performs such parameterization, so the algorithm seems to be novel from this point on...."

Exactly the same - I don't know, - but similar ideas of incremental evaluation of whatever measurements (derivatives) - I don't think so. For instance the pre-CNN methods for Object recognition in Computer vision and Shape analysis in topology (3D-reconstruction, fixing broken laser scans, medical imaging) use parameters - "derivatives" - which are coordinates/paths, "dimensions"(boxes), curves (contours), curvatures, lengths, distances, angles, ratios, areas, normals. The "pixel-level intensities" of a topology map could be vector fields with curvature, "heat maps"etc., set of derivatives and operations on them.

RAZDEL 2004

In published works of mine, see e.g. that one from my fresh months at the University, working in sound domain, done in late 2003 - early 2004: http://eim.twenkid.com/old/_5/31/analiz_na_zvuk.htm

Notice the data structure which encompassed the basic patterns (almost-periodic functions):

typedef struct DATA
       {
         int begin;
         int end;
         char type;
         unsigned char cycles;
         Zvukk max;
         Zvukk min;
         Zvukk absmax;
         Zvukk absmaxcycle;
         int period;
         char position;
         int changes;
         int accumulated;
         int average;
         Zvukk primer[MAXPRIMER];
       };

BK's CogAlg, which started to have any code just a few years ago, and its actual function started to become intelligible just about an year ago, has similar basic parameters like "ave" (average, filters); it has summation of the "pixel-level intensities" (lowest level input) as one of the basic operators (accumulated here), it records explicit coordinates/"dimension"(begin, end - location in the record), starts with basic types of classification - 2 in CogAlg, 3 here - silence, noise, tone; corresponding to the binary positive and negative patterns and their sign.

RAZDEL is also a bit more bottom-up at that lowest level, because it searches for correlated sequences and adjusts the first filter (ave) correspondingly to the actual sampled input. Also it doesn't do a comparison of the whole record ("frame" in current CogAlg) with one fixed ave, which CogAlg does, i.e. it is more granular. The usage of fixed filter in the latter is a binary thresholding, which you could see illustrated in the pictures from SuperCogAlg. Razdel has a separate "same-filter-span" in per pattern, in CogAlg terms.

The article introduces incremental derivative ...
"Sacred Computer" #31, published 4.2005. The article is written and first published in 3.2004 internally to the Plovdiv University Research Institute in Computational Linguistics:

(...)

The correlations which we could use are for example:

(...)

Etc. other later works to be reviewed later (...)

* Thanks to C. for a recent discussion and comments

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The Wild Plovdiv Video Series | Дивия Пловдив - видеопоредица

 

      Watch the Wild Plovdiv  in the "Sacred Computer" e-zine

The Wild Life in the city of Plovdiv, depicted in poetic, calming, majestic and comic music videos with animals, birds, views and sounds. Wonderful pictures, ironic cats' yawns and fights in the fig forest, laughing sparrows, walking in forests' labyrinths; giggling crows, diving in the evening skies; restless squirrels with their nuts; mother collared dove, teaching her children to fly; easygoing cats and fearful kittens; butterflies, surviving a storm; curious little owls with their fluffy outfit and other beauties, invisible for naked eye.  

Created by (C) Todor Arnaudov 2019, Music by (CC) Kevin MacLeod.

 Гледай Дивия Пловдив  в "Свещения сметач" 

Дивото в Пловдив в поетични, успокояващи, величествени и комични музикални видеоклипове с животни, птици, гледки и звуци. Приказни картини, иронични котешки прозявки, смеещи се врабчета в горски лабиринти и кикотещи се гарвани, гмуркащи се в гаснещата синева; трескави катерички с орехите им; майки гугутки и техните деца, учещи се да летят; безгрижни котараци и плашливи котенца; пеперуди, оцеляващи в буря; любопитни чухалчета с пухени премени и други красоти, неуловими с просто око. Автор и продуцент: (C) Тодор Арнаудов 2019. Музика: (CC) Kevin MacLeod.

12. Wonderful sparrows -Приказни врабчета

6. The Mother and Her Children - Майката гугутка и нейните деца

7. Demons in the fig forest -Демони в смокиновата гора 

9. Morning at the Cat's nest - Утро в котешкото гнездо 

10. The Tree of Devil -Дървото на дявола 

11. Dream in a Summer's Rain - Сън в летен дъжд 

5. Fluffy Squirrel - Катеричка рунтавелка 

3. Crows are Diving in the Dying Day - Гарвани се гмуркат в гаснещия ден 

2. The Crow Cook and the Woodpecker - Гарванът готвач и един кълвач 

4. Chicks and Cats - Мацки и котки 

1. Owl -Чухал 

8. Butterfly in the Rain - Пеперуда в дъждаСл

едва...

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Tournament "Plovdiv" 24.8.2019 - Long Jump and Triple Jump with Alexandra Nacheva and Momchil Karailiev

https://youtu.be/mvIO0Cblg9g

Български

Track and Field Athletics Tournament in Plovdiv that I was a camera operator and editor. The most interesting were maybe two jumps of the world champion in Junior's Triple Jump Alexandra Nacheva in Long Jump of 6.52-6.53 (foul) and another which was measured at 6.32, but had potential for about 6.50 as well. 

Думи:   Александра Начева, Момчил Караилие, Пловдив, Лекоатлетически, турнир, Лека атлетика, Георги Цонов, Plovdiv, Marian Oprea, Kolokytha, Alexandra Nacheva, Triple Jump, Long Jump, Bulgaria, Plovdiv, Athletics, Track and field, 24.8.2019, Georgi Tsonov

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Видео разказ за първия университетски курс по Универсален изкуствен разум в света - Пловдив 2010-2011

Screencast Video in English (slightly different, shorter content): https://artificial-mind.blogspot.com/2019/07/agi-course-plovdiv-2010-screencast.html

Увлекателен видео разказ на български за първенството на пловдивския интердисциплинарен университетски курс и програмата по обучение по Универсален изкуствен разум (Artificial General Intelligence, AGI), които изпревариха с осем години (!) първия курс с подобна философия на MIT, Масачузетския технологически институт (МТИ) в Бостън и също с толкова години интердисциплинарния институт на "Станфорд", два от водещите университети в изкуствения интелект. Забавни съвпадения между автора на курса в Пловдив - Тодор - и колегата и автор на курса в МТИ Лекс Фридман - занимания, музика, спорт, хумор. Този клип е по-добре направен от версията на английски, с по-висококачествено видео и звук и с преведен откъс (с дублаж) на интрото на курса на колегата в Бостън. Виж съдържание от описанието в канала. Screencast Video in English (slightly different content): https://artificial-mind.blogspot.com/2019/07/agi-course-plovdiv-2010-screencast.html ФМИ Пловдив - 2010 г. + 8 години МТИ Бостън, САЩ - 2018 (курс по УИР) Стабфорд, САЩ - 2018 (Институт за изкуствен интелект за човека - Human Centered AI) Думи: Пловдивски Университет, Универсален изкуствен разум, Видео, История, Забава, За Тош, Artificial General Intelligence, Academia, AGI, Lectures, Electric Guitar + университет

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Screencast Story About the World's First University Course in AGI in 2010 in Plovdiv - Artificial General Intelligence

Виж на български - друга, по-добра версия на разказа.

A short story about the world's first interdisciplinary University course in Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), presented at Plovdiv University in 2010 and 2011.

See also the strange funny personal coincidences between me, the author of the first course, and the author of the MIT's course, starts around 5-th minute.

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BAIHUI.AI - нов български стартъп в изкуствения интелект | BAIHUI.AI - New Bulgarian AI Start-up

През юни няколко колеги са създали стартъп за изкуствен интелект с това дръзко българско име с китайско звучене. :) Засега показват, че са успели да подкарат GPT-2 преобразувател (Transformer), обучен върху български текст с 1.5 милиарда променливи, предполагам през Амазонския AWS, не са толкова богати че да имат необходимия хардуер за друго обучение.

Пуснали са и кратка анимация, прилича на StyleGAN (виж www.thispersondoesntexist.com).

И двете системи са с отворен код, първата е от OpenAI, втората е от NVidia.

https://www.linkedin.com/company/baihuiai

BAIHUI.AI is a Bulgarian AI start-up, founded in June 2019. So far they've demonstrated they managed to train and run the big GPT-2 1.5 Billion parameters NLP model on Bulgarian texts, as well as probably StyleGAN (it seems so): thispersondoesntexist.com.

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MIT's Interdisciplinary Billion Dollar Computing College - 9-10 years after the interdisciplinary program of Todor at Plovdiv University Etc.

Comments regarding a recent talk from Lex Fridman's AI podcast with Jeff Hawkins from Numenta:

https://youtu.be/-EVqrDlAqYo
Conceptually it seems Hawkins'  approach and ideas still match many of the insights and direction in my "Theory of Universe and Mind"  works from the early 2000s (published before "On Intelligence" in "Sacred Computer" - "Свещеният сметач") and afterwards.

In addition to:  not following the mainstream research which is doing minimal changes which lead  to minimal progress of some benchmarks which is assumed good enough by the mainstream researchers, published in journals and conferences etc. Rather radical jumps are needed and recently "even the godfathers in the field agreed"...

The building of deep structures, the play of resolution of perception and control, coordinate spaces as a basis for AGI  ("reference frames"), attention traversal of different scales ("time scales"  - resolution of perception and causation within the time dimension), introspection as a legitimate method for AGI research, these are my "behavintrospective" studies; that there is no separate training and inference stage as in current NN, it's supposed to be a part of one process. See CogAlg.

One difference though - he dismisses the interdisciplinary research as helpful (although I think they actually do such research). "Human-centered AI" is disliked, because it suggests study of emotions and other human traits which are not needed for the AI, "let's just study the brain etc.".

IMO the interdisciplinary minds see and understand easier shortcuts while others could eventually find these paths by laborious digging and wandering in seas of empirical data and brute-force search.

https://youtu.be/-EVqrDlAqYo?t=5141

~ 1:25 h

"The new steps should be orthogonal ..."  (no little changes "1.1% progress" on standard benchmarks - see Todor's "What's wrong with Natural Language Processing" series)

1:25:41

The Billion dollar computing college of MIT, interdisciplinary, from this fall:
http://news.mit.edu/2018/mit-reshapes-itself-stephen-schwarzman-college-of-computing-1015

https://fortune.com/2018/10/16/mit-college-computing-artificial-intelligence-billion-dollars/

Well: 9-10 years after the course/research direction program that I announced in late 2009, presented in spring 2010 at Plovdiv University, with practically zero funding, besides the opportunity to present it at my University (thanks to Mancho Manev and Plovdiv University).

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Shape Bias in CNN for Better Results due to Wrong Texture Bias by Default

In its intro the authors of the paper below explain that it's been a common believe in the CNN community that the ImageNet trained neural networks developed a "shape bias" and stored "shape representations",  they propose a contrary view, that CNN are texture-biased and prove it with experiments:

IMAGENET-TRAINED CNNS ARE BIASED TOWARDS TEXTURE; INCREASING SHAPE BIAS IMPROVES ACCURACY AND ROBUSTNESS

To me that texture-bias has been obvious and obviously wrong. The CNNs recognise texture-features and search correlations between them, otherwise there wouldn't be adversarial hacks with changing a pixel and ruining recognition, it wouldn't need to be trained with so many examples, it would recognize wireframe drawings/sketches as humans do etc. etc. 

The "right" recognition would be robust if the system can do 3D-structure-and-light reconstruction ("reverse graphics"), at best incrementally, see: 

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CapsNet, capsules, vision as 3D-reconstruction and re-rendering and mainstream approval of ideas and insights of Boris Kazachenko and Todor Arnaudov, Sunday, December 31, 2017

https://artificial-mind.blogspot.com/2017/12/capsnet-capsules-and-CogAlg-3D-reconstruction.html

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Colour Optical Illusions are the Effect of the 3D-Reconstruction and Compensation of the Light Source Coordinates and Light Intensity in an Assumed 2D Projection of a 3D Scene, 1.1.2012  

Colour Optical Illusions are the Effect of the 3D-Reconstruction and Compensation of the Light Source Coordinates and Light Intensity in an Assumed 2D Projection of a 3D Scene

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2012, discussions at AGI List:
AGI Digest: Chairs, Caricatures and Object Recognition as 3D Reconstruction

http://research.twenkid.com/agi/2012/AGI_2012_Chairs_Caricatures_and_Object_Recognition_as_3D_Reconstruction.pdf

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Developmental Approach to Machine Learning, Dec 2018

https://artificial-mind.blogspot.com/2018/12/developmental-approach-to-machine.html

https://artificial-mind.blogspot.com/2018/12/developmental-approach-to-machine.html

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News: Mathematics, Rendering, Art, Drawing, Painting, Visual, Generalizing, Music, Analyzing, Tuesday, September 25, 2012


[Topology, Vector Transformations, Adjacency/Connectedness...]


https://artificial-mind.blogspot.com/2012/09/news-mathematics-rendering-art-drawing.html


"...Vector transformations

In another "unpublished paper" from a few months ago, which would turn into a digest one day eventually (it's a published email discussion), I explained and shared some elegant fundamental AGI operations/generalizations which are based on simple visual 3D transformations. 

"Everything" is a bunch of vector transformations and the core of the general intelligence are the simplest representations of those "visual" representations, which are really simple/basic/general. 

And "visual" in human terms actually means just:

Something that encompasses features and operations in 1D, 2D, 3D and 4D (video) vector (Euclidian) spaces, and the vectors in these dimensions can be of dimensionality usually of up to 4 or 5, such as: //e.g. (Luma, R,G,B)

1D - luminance
2D - luminance + uniform 1D color space
3D/4D - luminance + splitted/"component" color space

+ Perspective projection, which is a vector transform, it can be represented as a multiplication of matrices - that is - the initial sources of visual data are of higher dimensionality than the stored representation, 3D is projected into 2D (a drawback of the way of sensing)/

Also, of course, there is topology, humans work fine with blended and deformed images - curved spaces, and curves, not simple linear vectors. However the topology is induced from the basic vector spaces, the simplest topological representation is just the adjacency of coordinates in a matrix.

The above may seem obvious, but the goal is namely to make things as explicit as possible...." 

+

Sunday, April 1, 2012

Jürgen Schmidhuber Talk on Ted, Creative Machines and the Omega Point | Computer Vision, 3D-reconstruction from 2D

https://artificial-mind.blogspot.com/2012/04/jurgen-schmidhuber-talk-on-ted-creative.html
"Todor:  And it takes many months to get to 3D-vision and to increase resolution and develop 3D-reconstruction in the human brain. That adds ~86400 fold per day and 31,536,000 "cycles" per year.
What computing power is needed?

I don't think you need millions of the most powerful GPUs and CPUs at the moment to beat human vision, we'll beat it pretty soon, a lot of the higher level intelligence in my estimation is very low at its complexity (behavior, decision making, language at the grammar/vocabulary levels) and would need a tiny amount of MIPS, FLOPS and memory. It's the lowest levels which require vast computing power - 3D-reconstruction from 2D one or many static or motion camera sources, transformations, rotations, trajectories computations etc., and those problems are practically being solved and implemented...." 

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Cognitive Science's Failure to Become an Interdisciplinary Field - the Multi-Interdisciplinary Blindness

Discussion of mine regarding the paper:

"Perspective | What happened to cognitive science?,  10 June 2019

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-019-0626-2?fbclid=IwAR2mMzO4qzIKINXT2BUcMZAS1ZI4PONd04SHQeF7FLgvH5VTc1pwR4DcLow

Available on Github: https://github.com/rdgao/WH2CogSci/blob/master/nunezetal_final.pdf?fbclid=IwAR17HIosUS-7EKdFT4a--SesVuwb3aPp-1a0yE4Rbk_q8io8w5S6nFVrWvY

https://www.facebook.com/groups/RealAGI/permalink/1230556097152988/

IMO a big share of the problem lays in the whole researchers's and overall intellectual direction in the academic circles (and power-and-profit driven societies, modern slavery). It is narrow knowledge and world view, specialization is promoted, ones who obey and execute instructions of their superiors grow the ladder and become leaders, doing the same. The creative, wide-minded and really original ones are not leaders of the research.*

That is related to multi-interdisciplinary blindness, related to insufficient working memory capacity and faculties for understanding and representing the inputs generally enough so that one can encompass the concepts from different domains and contexts and think of them together.

BK calls it too simply "depth of structure".

---

* In the past there were exceptions, such as Alan Kay
** That survey paper reminds me of my cycle "What's wrong with Natural Language Processing" some 10 years ago, because to me NLP/Computational Linguistics should have been a part of the AGI, not what they were.

** Sorry for the sick formatting, I had to write it in external editor etc., this one is annoying, but not now.

See elaborate related discussions:

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#1

What's wrong with NLP? 

http://research.twenkid.com/agi/2010/Whats_wrong_with_NLP_links.htm

Circa 2009-2010 - series of 3 "perspective" articles

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What's wrong with NLP, part I:

http://artificial-mind.blogspot.com/2009/02/whats-wrong-with-natural-language.html

Monday, March 23, 2009

---

What's wrong with Natural Language Processing? Part 2. Static, Specific, High-level, Not-evolving...

http://artificial-mind.blogspot.com/2009/03/whats-wrong-with-natural-language.html



Note: now in NLP there are impressive results in NLG (generation), BERT etc. with such "mindless" vector representations, using current methods of machine learning, convolutions, "transformers" etc. however  it probably more or less emulates virtual sensory-motor interactions - by traversing and comparing huge corpora and how different texts/segments (mappings of sensory records) map and relate to each other, what's reasonable in what context. It is more advanced than as it was in the earlier simple frequency-based representations and inverse-frequency - frequency/probability of a token in current document, compared to average in the other documents etc.

#2 Friday, January 1, 2010

I will Create a Thinking Machine that will Self-Improve 

An Interview with Todor, "Obekty" magazine, issue November-December 2009

http://artificial-mind.blogspot.com/2010/01/i-will-create-thinking-machine-that.html   


- Where does the researchers' efforts should be focused in order to achieve Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)?

First of all, research should be lead by interdisciplinary scientists, who are seeing the big picture. You need to have a grasp of Cognitive Science, Neuroscience, Mathematics, Computer Science, Philosophy etc. Also, creation of an AGI is not just a scientific task, this is an enormous engineering enterprise – from the beginning you should think of the global architecture and for universal methods at low-level which would lead to accumulation of intelligence during the operation of the system. Neuroscience gives us some clues, neocortex is “the star” in this field. For example, it's known that the neurons are arranged in sort of unified modules – cortical columns. They are built by 6 layers of neurons, different layers have some specific types of neurons. All the neurons in one column are tightly connected vertically, between layers, and are processing a piece of sensory information together, as a whole. All types of sensory information – visual, auditory, touch etc. is processed by the interaction between unified modules, which are often called “the building blocks of intelligence”.

- If you believe that it is possible for us to build an AGI [Since you do believe], why we didn't manage to do it yet? What are the obstacles?

I believe that the biggest obstacle today is time. There are different forecasts, 10-20-50 years to enhance and specify current theoretical models before they actually run, or before computers get fast and powerful enough. I am an optimist that we can go there in less than 10 years, at least to basic models, and I'm sure that once we understand how to make it, the available computing power would be enough. One of the big obstacles in the past maybe was the research direction – top-down instead of bottom-up, but this was inevitable due to the limited computing
(...)

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#3

Tuesday, August 27, 2013

Issues on the AGIRI AGI email list and the AGI community in general - an Analysis

https://artificial-mind.blogspot.com/2013/08/issues-on-agiri-agi-email-list-and-agi.html
"- Multi-intra-inter-domain blindness/insufficiency [see other posts from Todor on the list] - people claim they are working on understanding "general" intelligence, but they clearly do not display traits of general/multi-inter-disciplinary interests and skills.

[ Note: Cognitive science, psychology, AI, NLP/Computational Linguistics, Mathematics, Robotics … – sorry, that's not general! General is being adept, fluent and talented in music, dance, visual arts (all), acting, story-telling, and all kinds of arts; in sociology, philosophy; sports … (…) ... + all of the typical ones + as many as possible other hard sciences and soft sciences and languages, and that is supposed to come from fluency in learning and mastering anything. That's something typical researchers definitely lack, which impedes their thinking about general intelligence. ](...) "

Discussion:
http://artificial-mind.blogspot.com/2014_08_05_archive.html


Tuesday, August 5, 2014

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#4

The Super Science of Philosophy and Some Confusions About it - continuation of the discussion on the "Strong Artificial Intelligence" thread at G+

http://artificial-mind.blogspot.com/2014/08/the-super-science-of-philosophy-and.html

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#5
Working memory capacity, traces of thoughts ... - continuation of the thread on G+ "Strong Artificial Intelligence" [Continues]

http://artificial-mind.blogspot.com/2014/08/working-memory-capacity-traces-of.html

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#6

Thursday, March 22, 2012
Human-Level AGI Within ~10 Years and AGI in the Formal Academia
A comment on Ben Goertzel's post: Ray Kurzweil's (Sometimes) Wrong Predictions

Todor "Tosh" Arnaudov said... , 21/3/2011, 8:53 PM
https://artificial-mind.blogspot.com/2012/03/human-level-agi-within-10-years-and-agi.html

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